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SOLO: The Lone Arrangers Quarterly Newsletter

Tag: Photography

The Challenges of Archiving and Making Available Born-Digital Catalogues Raisonnés

December 15, 2016December 14, 2016 lonearrangersLeave a comment

Ashley Levine
Archivist/Digital Resource Manager
Artifex Press
alevine@artifexpress.com

I am a lone archivist/digital resource manager at Artifex Press, an New York City-based company dedicated to publishing digital catalogues raisonnés. I work with digital and analogue artwork photography, as well as a growing collection of digital audiovisual materials, and am in charge of administering a digital asset management system (DAMS), Extensis Portfolio, embedding metadata in digital photos, as well as digitizing, editing, and color correcting physical film photography, using a Microtek flatbed scanner and Adobe Photoshop/Bridge. Our digital assets encompass the intellectual property of artists, photographers, galleries, museums, etc., so I am also the copyright point person. Furthermore, I’m the de facto IT lead, so I also manage the company file server, and back up all server data to Fuji LTO tapes (daily and monthly). I work on multiple photography digitization projects simultaneously, correlating to our several published and unpublished digital catalogues raisonnés, including Chuck Close: Paintings, 1967-Present; Jim Dine: Sculpture, 1983-Present; and Tim Hawkinson. Our published catalogues can be accessed for a free, limited time subscription via the Artifex website, which is the public facing, final product.

A Catalogue Raisonné?

A catalogue raisonné is the definitive, comprehensive, and annotated compilation of all the known works of art of an artist. Catalogues Raisonnés are critical tools for researching the provenance, attribution, and exhibition and literature histories of an artist’s body of work. The information in a catalogue raisonné is constantly in flux, and conventional printed catalogues cannot achieve both completeness and accuracy. Digital catalogues raisonnés afford instantaneous editing and modification, and thus are more accurate and up-to-date than their traditional counterparts.

Faithful visual representation of artworks is crucial to maintain this accuracy, and to the overall production of a digital catalogue raisonné. In the process of creating its digital catalogues, Artifex provides access to visual resources associated with an artist’s body of work by centralizing artwork photography from disparate sources in individual artwork records. Therefore, Artifex effectively manages the intellectual property of various artists, museums, galleries, and photographers. Cataloging visual materials for the catalogue raisonné creates a number of challenges for description, including discerning the layered intellectual property rights (i.e. copyright) inherent in artwork photography.

Metadata Driven

Metadata is a set of data that describes and gives information about other data. Embedded photo metadata stays within an image file, and allows this information to be transferred with the image in a way that can be understood by other software and hardware.

Embedding metadata in digital visual materials as they are acquired, ensures:

  1. The correct copyright holders are credited, and that this info is retained in the files themselves
    • Embedded metadata minimizes the need for multiple spreadsheets/documents to fathom what an asset is, and who the copyright holders are
    • embedded metadata centralizes this crucial info
  2. Artifex staff can locate materials after ongoing use has ceased
    • Metadata is harnessed by a searchable digital asset management system
    • Less need to rely solely on file names for retrieval
  3.  Robust descriptive information is captured and retained for future projects

Artifex Press uses the IPTC Core metadata standard to describe and catalogue digital visual resources, due to its universal acceptance among a number of industries, including news agencies, photographers, libraries, and museums. The IPTC Core standard provides structured metadata fields that enable archivists to embed accurate data about images in the files themselves.  This systematizes the way information is stored and transferred between images and institutions.

At Artifex, I item level catalogue born digital visual materials to facilitate better searchability via our DAMS, Extensis Portfolio. I simultaneously utilize a hybrid item/collection level cataloging approach for our multifaceted analogue collections, and I discuss both methods below.

Chuck Close: Item-Level Cataloging

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Figure 1: Installation photos from Chuck Close: Red Yellow Blue, Pace Gallery, 534 West 25th Street, New York, September 11-October 17, 2015. © Chuck Close. Photos by Kerry Ryan McFate, courtesy Pace Gallery

I often receive born digital photos from various institutions with little-to-no metadata embedded. For example, the visual artist Chuck Close exhibited his new paintings at Pace Gallery in New York, in the Fall of 2015. I received the above photos (Figure 1) from Pace, but with very little info embedded, save for a time stamp and camera make/model (Figure 2). Fortunately, I was able to utilize Adobe Bridge’s metadata templates to batch apply metadata values that all photos in this particular group have in common, such as creator, pictured exhibition, title, credit line, copyright info, city, state, and country. In this instance, I created and employed the metadata template I’ve called “Chuck Close Pace Install” which instantly fills the IPTC Core fields with general values I’ve set, allowing me to quickly embed data all images have in common (See Figures 3 and 4). So, in a few key strokes I’ve ensured the intellectual control of a batch of born digital files, which otherwise had very little embedded info originally. With time permitting, I was able to embed artwork/photo specific metadata in individual photos in this batch, to augment the number of search results for specific works via our DAMS (Figures 5 and 6). For larger accessions of digital images, applying a metadata template will preserve at least a modicum of common descriptive info at accession, to allow for more granular cataloging down the road.

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Figure 2: Adobe Bridge Metadata panel reveals very limited embedded data, save for the timestamp and camera make/model
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Figure 2: Adobe Bridge Metadata panel reveals very limited embedded data, save for the timestamp and camera make/model

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Figure 4: Batch entering shared metadata for this group of installation images
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Figure 5: With time permitting, I embedded artwork specific metadata in individual photos in this batch
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Figure 6: Embedded metadata is harnessed by a searchable DAMS (Extensis Portfolio), enabling Artifex staff to generate multiple search results associated with an artwork, artist, exhibition, etc.

Sol LeWitt Studio Collection: A Hybrid Approach

In contrast I‘ve described our multifaceted analog collections at the collection level, as item level cataloging for these materials would prove too time consuming. Often I am digitizing photography from our analog collections – and primarily the Sol LeWitt Studio Collection – and then creating item–level metadata of these materials at the time of digitization. 

Sol LeWitt, a progenitor of the Conceptual Art movement, created a numerical series of ephemeral works he called Wall Drawings, and Artifex Press is conducting ongoing research towards the compilation of the LeWitt Wall Drawing catalogue raisonné. The LeWitt Studio Collection contains similarly number boxes of photos related to his Wall Drawings, from which the LeWitt team draws for research. I‘ve created a traditional archival finding aid for the LeWitt Studio Collection, which provides a general (collection level) description to ensure a minimum amount of intellectual control of the enclosed materials.

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Figure 7: Sol LeWitt installing Wall Drawing #292 at Fine Arts Gallery, University of Colorado, Boulder, September 1976. © Estate of Sol LeWitt/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York. Photo © CU Art Museum, University of Colorado Bourlder

 

Digitization Workflow

I devised a digitization workflow with the Sol LeWitt research team that combines digitization and research priorities:

  1. The LeWitt research team conducts continuous research on LeWitt’s Wall Drawings, using the Studio Collection (I have the benefit of content experts supplying reliable metadata).
  2. The LeWitt team selects (prioritizes) materials from the Studio Collection to digitize for publication
  3. The LeWitt team simultaneously discerns the copyright holders (i.e. The Estate of Sol LeWitt and the contributing institution) of selected materials
  4. I employ a Microtek flatbed film/transparency scanner to digitize the selected Wall Drawing photography, creating an unprocessed master TIFF file.
  5. After digitization, I embed item-level IPTC Core metadata in the unprocessed TIFF file.
  6. I create a copy of, and color correct and touch-up the unprocessed image, and file a second, processed master TIFF file.
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Figure 8: Wall Drawing #795 at Fraenkel Gallery, San Francisco, 1998. Photo by Ian Reeves, courtesy, Fraenkel Gallery. Unprocessed image (left) vs. Processed image (right).

 

Artifex retains two master TIFF files for digitized visual materials, in case originals need to be consulted. Processed images are copies of raw scans (which retain the embedded metadata), with color correction and editing executed in Adobe Photoshop. Artifex Press attempts to represent accurate color of depicted artworks, to further enrich the digital catalogue raisonné.

I owe a huge debt of gratitude to the online Lone Arranger community for helping me fathom some of the above solutions over the last couple years. I hope my account of Artifex’s digital workflow can similarly assist other Lone Arrangers in their necessarily challenging and multifaceted  roles.

lart_slide
Slide for: Preserving in Digital Formats: Challenges and Solution in Small Archives, SAA Annual Meeting, Atlanta, Georgia, August 3, 2016
Posted in Digital Asset Management, Digital Preservation, Metadata, Photography, Visual ResourcesTagged adobe bridge, adobe photoshop, contemporary art, Digital, Digital Asset Management, Digital Preservation, Digital Workflows, embedded metatdata, Metadata, Photography, visual art, Visual Resources

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Photo Gallery

James Lequlla, newsboy, 12 years of age, Wilmington, Delaware, May 1910. Photo by Lewis W. Hine, courtesy Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, National Child Labor Committee (NCLC) Collection. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/ncl2004001219/PP/
James Lequlla, newsboy, 12 years of age, Wilmington, Delaware, May 1910. Photo by Lewis W. Hine, courtesy Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, National Child Labor Committee (NCLC) Collection. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/ncl2004001219/PP/
Commission signed by President James Madison appointing Dr. William Beaumont as a surgeon in the Sixth Regiment of Infantry in the US Army on December 2, 1812. Personal Collection #12, William Beaumont Papers, Bernard Becker Medical Library Archives, Washington University School of Medicine.
Commission signed by President James Madison appointing Dr. William Beaumont as a surgeon in the Sixth Regiment of Infantry in the US Army on December 2, 1812. Personal Collection #12, William Beaumont Papers, Bernard Becker Medical Library Archives, Washington University School of Medicine.
First snow of the season in the foothills of the Little Belt Mountains, Lewis and Clark National Forest, Meagher County, Montana, August 1942. Photo by Russell Lee, (FSA)/Office of War Information (OWI), courtesy Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C., Farm Security Administration/Office of War Information Color Photographs Collection. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/fsa1992001481/PP/
First snow of the season in the foothills of the Little Belt Mountains, Lewis and Clark National Forest, Meagher County, Montana, August 1942. Photo by Russell Lee, (FSA)/Office of War Information (OWI), courtesy Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C., Farm Security Administration/Office of War Information Color Photographs Collection. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/fsa1992001481/PP/
Anna Kelton Wiley, founder of The National Woman's Party telephones Doris Stevens, chairman of the InterAmerican Commission of Women at the Haugue, to ascertain whether the World Code now being drawn up by the Codification Conference of International Law will be based on sex discrimination, April 3, 1930. In the photograph, left to right: Anita Pollitzer of South Carolina; Anna Kelton Wiley; Alice Paul; and Elsie Hill of Connecticut. Photo by Harris and Ewing, courtesy Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/hec2013005824/
Anna Kelton Wiley, founder of The National Woman’s Party telephones Doris Stevens, chairman of the InterAmerican Commission of Women at the Haugue, to ascertain whether the World Code now being drawn up by the Codification Conference of International Law will be based on sex discrimination, April 3, 1930. In the photograph, left to right: Anita Pollitzer of South Carolina; Anna Kelton Wiley; Alice Paul; and Elsie Hill of Connecticut. Photo by Harris and Ewing, courtesy Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/hec2013005824/
National Archives, Division of Commerce Department Archives, Washington, D.C., Novmber 22, 1939. Photo by Harris and Ewing, courtesy Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/hec2009014404/
National Archives, Division of Commerce Department Archives, Washington, D.C., Novmber 22, 1939. Photo by Harris and Ewing, courtesy Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/hec2009014404/
Installation photos from Chuck Close: Red Yellow Blue, Pace Gallery, 534 West 25th Street, New York, September 11-October 17, 2015. © Chuck Close. Photos by Kerry Ryan McFate, courtesy Pace Gallery
Installation photos from Chuck Close: Red Yellow Blue, Pace Gallery, 534 West 25th Street, New York, September 11-October 17, 2015. © Chuck Close. Photos by Kerry Ryan McFate, courtesy Pace Gallery
Sol LeWitt installing Wall Drawing #292 at Fine Arts Gallery, University of Colorado, Boulder, September 1976. © Estate of Sol LeWitt/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York. Photo © CU Art Museum, University of Colorado Bourlder
Sol LeWitt installing Wall Drawing #292 at Fine Arts Gallery, University of Colorado, Boulder, September 1976. © Estate of Sol LeWitt/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York. Photo © CU Art Museum, University of Colorado Bourlder
Wall Drawing #795 at Fraenkel Gallery, San Francisco, 1998. Photo by Ian Reeves, courtesy, Fraenkel Gallery. Unprocessed image (left) vs. Processed image (right).
Wall Drawing #795 at Fraenkel Gallery, San Francisco, 1998. Photo by Ian Reeves, courtesy, Fraenkel Gallery. Unprocessed image (left) vs. Processed image (right).
Mural in the recreation room of the House of Detention for Women at Greenwich Avenue and 10th Street in Manhattan, artist Lucienne Bloch, series 1498, exhibit AC, approved February 11, 1936. Collection of the Public Design Commission of the City of New York.
Mural in the recreation room of the House of Detention for Women at Greenwich Avenue and 10th Street in Manhattan, artist Lucienne Bloch, series 1498, exhibit AC, approved February 11, 1936. Collection of the Public Design Commission of the City of New York.
Manhattan Bridge, architect Henry F. Hornbostel, series 63, certificate, approved and disapproved in part March 10, 1903. Collection of the Public Design Commission of the City of New York.
Manhattan Bridge, architect Henry F. Hornbostel, series 63, certificate, approved and disapproved in part March 10, 1903. Collection of the Public Design Commission of the City of New York.
Waste receptacles in Richmond Borough, designed by the Superintendent of Street Cleaning, series 524, exhibit B, approved November 15, 1910. Collection of the Public Design Commission of the City of New York.
Waste receptacles in Richmond Borough, designed by the Superintendent of Street Cleaning, series 524, exhibit B, approved November 15, 1910. Collection of the Public Design Commission of the City of New York.
Installation of security measures for Manhattan Bridge in Manhattan and Brooklyn, engineer Weidlinger Associates Inc., series 63, exhibit HD, approved August 22, 2016. Collection of the Public Design Commission of the City of New York.
Installation of security measures for Manhattan Bridge in Manhattan and Brooklyn, engineer Weidlinger Associates Inc., series 63, exhibit HD, approved August 22, 2016. Collection of the Public Design Commission of the City of New York.
Manhattan Bridge, architect Henry F. Hornbostel, series 63, exhibit G, approved and disapproved in part March 10, 1903. Collection of the Public Design Commission of the City of New York.
Manhattan Bridge, architect Henry F. Hornbostel, series 63, exhibit G, approved and disapproved in part March 10, 1903. Collection of the Public Design Commission of the City of New York.
Design and locations of two lions at the Fifth Avenue entrance to the New York Public Library in Manhattan, sculptor E.C. Potter, photographer A.E. Sproul, series 208, exhibit AZ, approved October 11, 1910. Collection of the Public Design Commission of the City of New York. Photographic print, 9.5 x 7.5 in.
Design and locations of two lions at the Fifth Avenue entrance to the New York Public Library in Manhattan, sculptor E.C. Potter, photographer A.E. Sproul, series 208, exhibit AZ, approved October 11, 1910. Collection of the Public Design Commission of the City of New York. Photographic print, 9.5 x 7.5 in.
Moreno Valley, Colfax County, New Mexico, spring 1943 Photo by John Collier, courtesy Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C., Farm Security Administration/Office of War Information Color Photographs Collection http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/fsac/item/fsa1992001380/PP/
Moreno Valley, Colfax County, New Mexico, spring 1943 Photo by John Collier, courtesy Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C., Farm Security Administration/Office of War Information Color Photographs Collection http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/fsac/item/fsa1992001380/PP/
Woman with headphones listening to radio broadcast between ca. 1920 and ca. 1930 Photo by Underwood & Underwood, courtesy Photo courtesy Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. https://www.loc.gov/item/2012649424/
Woman with headphones listening to radio broadcast between ca. 1920 and ca. 1930 Photo by Underwood & Underwood, courtesy Photo courtesy Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. https://www.loc.gov/item/2012649424/
Crowded stacks, 1970. Photograph shows an African American employee of the Library of Congress among crowded book shelves with another employee. Photo courtesy Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. https://www.loc.gov/item/2017646178/
Crowded stacks, 1970. Photograph shows an African American employee of the Library of Congress among crowded book shelves with another employee. Photo courtesy Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. https://www.loc.gov/item/2017646178/
Arriving at Ellis Island, 1907 Photo courtesy Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/97519082/
Arriving at Ellis Island, 1907 Photo courtesy Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/97519082/
A cross roads store, bar, "juke joint," and gas station in the cotton plantation area, Melrose, La., June 1940.
A cross roads store, bar, “juke joint,” and gas station in the cotton plantation area, Melrose, La., June 1940.
Hawthorne Bridge, Spanning Willamette River at Hawthorne Boulevard & Madison Street, Portland, Multnomah County, OR. Historic American Engineering Record, Creator, Waddell & Harrington, Pennsylvania Steel Company, United Engineering & Construction Company, Robert Wakefield & Company, City Of Portland, and Judith A McGaw, Norman, James, and Leslie Schwab, photographer. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/or0290/. (Accessed June 06, 2017.)
Hawthorne Bridge, Spanning Willamette River at Hawthorne Boulevard & Madison Street, Portland, Multnomah County, OR. Historic American Engineering Record, Creator, Waddell & Harrington, Pennsylvania Steel Company, United Engineering & Construction Company, Robert Wakefield & Company, City Of Portland, and Judith A McGaw, Norman, James, and Leslie Schwab, photographer. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/or0290/. (Accessed June 06, 2017.)
Connecticut College for Women, New London, Connecticut. Palmer library, carrels in stack room. Photo by Gottscho-Schleisner, Inc., courtesy ibrary of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/gsc1994021290/PP/. (Accessed June 06, 2017.).
Connecticut College for Women, New London, Connecticut. Palmer library, carrels in stack room. Photo by Gottscho-Schleisner, Inc., courtesy ibrary of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/gsc1994021290/PP/. (Accessed June 06, 2017.).
[Copy machine in office], 1936. Photo by Harris & Ewing, courtesy Harris & Ewing Collection, ibrary of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/hec2013010866/. (Accessed June 06, 2017.)
[Copy machine in office], 1936. Photo by Harris & Ewing, courtesy Harris & Ewing Collection, ibrary of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/hec2013010866/. (Accessed June 06, 2017.)
AFS President Arthur Howe, Jr. being greeted by AFS alumni after his arrival in Santiago, Chile in 1971. Foto Cerrillos Chile. Photo courtesy of the Archives of the American Field Service and AFS Intercultural Programs.
AFS President Arthur Howe, Jr. being greeted by AFS alumni after his arrival in Santiago, Chile in 1971. Foto Cerrillos Chile. Photo courtesy of the Archives of the American Field Service and AFS Intercultural Programs.
Arthur Howe, Jr. in 1943. Photograph by Loftus B. Cuddy, Jr., courtesy of the Archives of the American Field Service and AFS Intercultural Programs.
Arthur Howe, Jr. in 1943. Photograph by Loftus B. Cuddy, Jr., courtesy of the Archives of the American Field Service and AFS Intercultural Programs.
AFS ambulance drivers evacuating Tobruk Hospital in Libya in 1942. Photograph by Arthur Howe, Jr., courtesy of the Archives of the American Field Service and AFS Intercultural Programs.
AFS ambulance drivers evacuating Tobruk Hospital in Libya in 1942. Photograph by Arthur Howe, Jr., courtesy of the Archives of the American Field Service and AFS Intercultural Programs.
Arthur Howe, Jr. in Damascus, Syria in November 1965. Photo courtesy of the Archives of the American Field Service and AFS Intercultural Programs.
Arthur Howe, Jr. in Damascus, Syria in November 1965. Photo courtesy of the Archives of the American Field Service and AFS Intercultural Programs.
Arthur Howe, Jr. pointing to Iran on a globe during his AFS presidency in 1967. Several years later he traveled to Abbasabad, Iran to give a speech about AFS and its role in international education. Photo courtesy of the Archives of the American Field Service and AFS Intercultural Programs.
Arthur Howe, Jr. pointing to Iran on a globe during his AFS presidency in 1967. Several years later he traveled to Abbasabad, Iran to give a speech about AFS and its role in international education. Photo courtesy of the Archives of the American Field Service and AFS Intercultural Programs.
The original teaching skeleton used in the nursing school of the local hospital, after being donated to Special Collections at the Mooresville Public Library. Photo courtesy Special Collections at the Mooresville Public Library.
The original teaching skeleton used in the nursing school of the local hospital, after being donated to Special Collections at the Mooresville Public Library. Photo courtesy Special Collections at the Mooresville Public Library.
1815 embroidery of Mt. Vernon by Frances “Fanny” Macklin Ellis Wilkinson, using human hair, post-conservation. Photo courtesy of the Khalaf Al Habtoor Archives at Illinois College.
1815 embroidery of Mt. Vernon by Frances “Fanny” Macklin Ellis Wilkinson, using human hair, post-conservation. Photo courtesy of the Khalaf Al Habtoor Archives at Illinois College.
1815 embroidery of Mt. Vernon by Frances “Fanny” Macklin Ellis Wilkinson, using human hair, pre-conservation. Photo of Jenny Barker Devine, Associate Professor of History, Illinois College.
1815 embroidery of Mt. Vernon by Frances “Fanny” Macklin Ellis Wilkinson, using human hair, pre-conservation. Photo of Jenny Barker Devine, Associate Professor of History, Illinois College.
Lobster gifted to Congressman Paul Findley from Mohammed Motie, foreign minister of South Yemen, during Findley's "Mission to Aiden," in May 1974. Photo courtesy of Elizabeth Papp, Public History Graduate Intern, Illinois College.
Lobster gifted to Congressman Paul Findley from Mohammed Motie, foreign minister of South Yemen, during Findley’s “Mission to Aiden,” in May 1974. Photo courtesy of Elizabeth Papp, Public History Graduate Intern, Illinois College.
Front view of a British Tank, ca. 1916, from Photographic History of The World's War, 1918.
Front view of a British Tank, ca. 1916, from Photographic History of The World’s War, 1918.
British tank crossing trenches, from Collier's Photographic History of The World's War, 1918.
British tank crossing trenches, from Collier’s Photographic History of The World’s War, 1918.
British "Centipede"/"Mother"/"Big Willie" tank, ca. 1916--afterwards known at the Mark I Tank, from
British “Centipede”/”Mother”/”Big Willie” tank, ca. 1916–afterwards known at the Mark I Tank, from
World War One "Splatter Mask." Photo in the Public Domain.
World War One “Splatter Mask.” Photo in the Public Domain.
British_maks_1918_Border
Center for Democracy & Technology letter to the Unites States Department of Homeland Security, regarding "A-Files." Photo courtesy the Society of American Archivists.
Center for Democracy & Technology letter to the Unites States Department of Homeland Security, regarding “A-Files.” Photo courtesy the Society of American Archivists.
Vets protest bonus bill delay, January 1931, Washington D.C. Photo by Harris & Ewing, courtesy Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division: http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/hec2013006243/
Vets protest bonus bill delay, January 1931, Washington D.C. Photo by Harris & Ewing, courtesy Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division: http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/hec2013006243/
The Librarian, U.S. Naval Academy, ca. 1890-91. Photo by Detroit Publishing Co., courtesy Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division: http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/det1994001136/PP/
The Librarian, U.S. Naval Academy, ca. 1890-91. Photo by Detroit Publishing Co., courtesy Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division: http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/det1994001136/PP/
An array of pumpkins, ready for the autumn customer rush at the Kelp's Pumpkin Patch stand near Nashville in Brown County, Indiana. Photo by Carol M. Highsmith Photography, Inc., courtesy Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division: http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2016631899/
An array of pumpkins, ready for the autumn customer rush at the Kelp’s Pumpkin Patch stand near Nashville in Brown County, Indiana. Photo by Carol M. Highsmith Photography, Inc., courtesy Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division: http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2016631899/
From Library of Congress online (https://www.loc.gov/resource/g3200.ct002354/) Colton's illustrated & embellished steel plate map of the world on Mercator's projection : compiled from the latest & most authentic sources exhibiting the recent Arctic and Antarctic discoveries & explorations Photo courtesy Library of Congress Geography and Map Division Washington, D.C. Digital ID: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gmd/g3200.ct002354
From Library of Congress online (https://www.loc.gov/resource/g3200.ct002354/) Colton’s illustrated & embellished steel plate map of the world on Mercator’s projection : compiled from the latest & most authentic sources exhibiting the recent Arctic and Antarctic discoveries & explorations Photo courtesy Library of Congress Geography and Map Division Washington, D.C. Digital ID: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gmd/g3200.ct002354
Diane Wells Archivist & Records Manager Diocese of Olympia, Seattle, WA
Diane Wells Archivist & Records Manager Diocese of Olympia, Seattle, WA
The Nguyen Family from Vietnam Olympia Churchman Photo. Photo courtesy the Archives of The Episcopal Diocese of Olympia.
The Nguyen Family from Vietnam Olympia Churchman Photo. Photo courtesy the Archives of The Episcopal Diocese of Olympia.
Refugee Resettlement Office files. Photo courtesy the Archives of The Episcopal Diocese of Olympia.
Refugee Resettlement Office files. Photo courtesy the Archives of The Episcopal Diocese of Olympia.
Storage room at the Refugee Resettlement Office with boxes and cabinets containing stacke from floor to ceiling. Photo courtesy the Archives of The Episcopal Diocese of Olympia.
Storage room at the Refugee Resettlement Office with boxes and cabinets containing stacke from floor to ceiling. Photo courtesy the Archives of The Episcopal Diocese of Olympia.
Staples, clips and other fasteners removed from Refugee Resettlement Office files during processing. Photo courtesy the Archives of The Episcopal Diocese of Olympia.
Staples, clips and other fasteners removed from Refugee Resettlement Office files during processing. Photo courtesy the Archives of The Episcopal Diocese of Olympia.
Processed Refugee Resettlement Office files. Photo courtesy the Archives of The Episcopal Diocese of Olympia.
Processed Refugee Resettlement Office files. Photo courtesy the Archives of The Episcopal Diocese of Olympia.
Michael Aday Librarian-Archivist National Park Service Collections Preservation Center Great Smoky Mountains National Park Townsend, Tennessee.
Michael Aday Librarian-Archivist National Park Service Collections Preservation Center Great Smoky Mountains National Park Townsend, Tennessee.
Archives stacks at National Park Service Collections Preservation Center, Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Photo courtesy National Park Service Collections Preservation Center, Great Smoky Mountains National Park.
Archives stacks at National Park Service Collections Preservation Center, Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Photo courtesy National Park Service Collections Preservation Center, Great Smoky Mountains National Park.
Research room at National Park Service Collections Preservation Center, Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Photo courtesy National Park Service Collections Preservation Center, Great Smoky Mountains National Park.
Research room at National Park Service Collections Preservation Center, Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Photo courtesy National Park Service Collections Preservation Center, Great Smoky Mountains National Park.
Summons to the Sheriff of Washington County, NC from Clerk of the Court John Sevier, from 1782. Photo courtesy National Park Service Collections Preservation Center, Great Smoky Mountains National Park.
Summons to the Sheriff of Washington County, NC from Clerk of the Court John Sevier, from 1782. Photo courtesy National Park Service Collections Preservation Center, Great Smoky Mountains National Park.
Civilian Conservation Corps scrip, from 1932. Photo courtesy National Park Service Collections Preservation Center, Great Smoky Mountains National Park.
Civilian Conservation Corps scrip, from 1932. Photo courtesy National Park Service Collections Preservation Center, Great Smoky Mountains National Park.
William Oliver Collection being humidified and flattened (before). Photo courtesy National Park Service Collections Preservation Center, Great Smoky Mountains National Park.
William Oliver Collection being humidified and flattened (before). Photo courtesy National Park Service Collections Preservation Center, Great Smoky Mountains National Park.
William Oliver Collection being humidified and flattened (after). Photo courtesy National Park Service Collections Preservation Center, Great Smoky Mountains National Park.
William Oliver Collection being humidified and flattened (after). Photo courtesy National Park Service Collections Preservation Center, Great Smoky Mountains National Park.
Two Australian soldiers enjoying the snow, January 1942. Photo by Matson Photo Service, Matson (G. Eric and Edith) Photograph Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/mpc2010006642/PP/
Two Australian soldiers enjoying the snow, January 1942. Photo by Matson Photo Service, Matson (G. Eric and Edith) Photograph Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/mpc2010006642/PP/
Secretary with telegrams pledging over $100,000.00 to International Rescue Committee, November 8, 1956/ World Telegram & Sun photo by Ed. Ford, courtesy Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/95505385/
Secretary with telegrams pledging over $100,000.00 to International Rescue Committee, November 8, 1956/ World Telegram & Sun photo by Ed. Ford, courtesy Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/95505385/
Southington, Connecticut. Stacks of the public library containing 15,000 books. Photo by Charles Fenno Jacobs, courtesy Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, Farm Security Administration - Office of War Information photograph collection (Library of Congress): https://www.loc.gov/resource/fsa.8d34963/
Southington, Connecticut. Stacks of the public library containing 15,000 books. Photo by Charles Fenno Jacobs, courtesy Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, Farm Security Administration – Office of War Information photograph collection (Library of Congress): https://www.loc.gov/resource/fsa.8d34963/
Brookings building at 722 Jackson Place in 1932. Photo courtesy Brookings Institution.
Brookings building at 722 Jackson Place in 1932. Photo courtesy Brookings Institution.
Brookings building at 1775 Massachusetts Avenue, 2018. Photo courtesy Brookings Institution.
Brookings building at 1775 Massachusetts Avenue, 2018. Photo courtesy Brookings Institution.
Edith Ginsberg, Allen Ginsberg (holding unknown child), unknown, Louis Ginsberg (L-R), ca. 1967. Photo courtesy of the Jewish Historical Society of New Jersey.
Edith Ginsberg, Allen Ginsberg (holding unknown child), unknown, Louis Ginsberg (L-R), ca. 1967. Photo courtesy of the Jewish Historical Society of New Jersey.
Allen Ginsberg writes to his Aunt Clara from Amsterdam. 12/31/82. Photo courtesy of the Jewish Historical Society of New Jersey
Allen Ginsberg writes to his Aunt Clara from Amsterdam. 12/31/82. Photo courtesy of the Jewish Historical Society of New Jersey
Allen’s inscription to his cousin Pat Sebold. 12/10/74. Photo courtesy of the Jewish Historical Society of New Jersey
Allen’s inscription to his cousin Pat Sebold. 12/10/74. Photo courtesy of the Jewish Historical Society of New Jersey
Allen’s inscription to Aunt Clara. 1/24/87. Photo courtesy of the Jewish Historical Society of New Jersey
Allen’s inscription to Aunt Clara. 1/24/87. Photo courtesy of the Jewish Historical Society of New Jersey
Edith Ginsberg’s letter to Clara (written as Claire). 2/28/87. Photo courtesy of the Jewish Historical Society of New Jersey
Edith Ginsberg’s letter to Clara (written as Claire). 2/28/87. Photo courtesy of the Jewish Historical Society of New Jersey
May Day Parade, New York, 1910. Photo courtesy George Grantham Bain Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division: https://www.loc.gov/resource/cph.3a51058/
May Day Parade, New York, 1910. Photo courtesy George Grantham Bain Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division: https://www.loc.gov/resource/cph.3a51058/
Typing class at the San Diego Vocational School, June 1941. Photo by Lee Russell, courtesy U.S. Farm Security Administration/Office of War Information/Office of Emergency Management/Resettlement Administration Black & White Photographs, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2017789625/
Typing class at the San Diego Vocational School, June 1941. Photo by Lee Russell, courtesy U.S. Farm Security Administration/Office of War Information/Office of Emergency Management/Resettlement Administration Black & White Photographs, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2017789625/
Halloween party at Shafter migrant camp, California, November 1938. Photo by Dorothea Lange, courtesy U.S. Farm Security Administration/Office of War Information/Office of Emergency Management/Resettlement Administration Black & White Photographs, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2017770943/
Halloween party at Shafter migrant camp, California, November 1938. Photo by Dorothea Lange, courtesy U.S. Farm Security Administration/Office of War Information/Office of Emergency Management/Resettlement Administration Black & White Photographs, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2017770943/
Labor Relations Board, ca. 1937. Photo by Harris & Ewing, courtesy Harris & Ewing photograph collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. https://www.loc.gov/resource/hec.22806/
Labor Relations Board, ca. 1937. Photo by Harris & Ewing, courtesy Harris & Ewing photograph collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. https://www.loc.gov/resource/hec.22806/
"Labor," ca. 1912-1930. Photo courtesy National Photo Company Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. https://www.loc.gov/resource/npcc.27767/
“Labor,” ca. 1912-1930. Photo courtesy National Photo Company Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. https://www.loc.gov/resource/npcc.27767/
Am. Fed. Labor, ca. 1921-1922. Photo courtesy National Photo Company Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. https://www.loc.gov/resource/npcc.29804/
Am. Fed. Labor, ca. 1921-1922. Photo courtesy National Photo Company Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. https://www.loc.gov/resource/npcc.29804/
Woman on float of the Women's Auxilliary Typographical Union, Labor Day parade, New York, New York, September 6, 1909. Photo courtesy George Grantham Bain Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. https://www.loc.gov/resource/ppmsc.00154/
Woman on float of the Women’s Auxilliary Typographical Union, Labor Day parade, New York, New York, September 6, 1909. Photo courtesy George Grantham Bain Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. https://www.loc.gov/resource/ppmsc.00154/
Am. Fed. of Labor, December 12, 1923. Photo courtesy National Photo Company Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. https://www.loc.gov/item/2016836374/
Am. Fed. of Labor, December 12, 1923. Photo courtesy National Photo Company Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. https://www.loc.gov/item/2016836374/
Am. Fed. Labor Char Women's Committee, ca. 1919-1920. Photo courtesy National Photo Company Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. https://www.loc.gov/resource/npcc.28680/
Am. Fed. Labor Char Women’s Committee, ca. 1919-1920. Photo courtesy National Photo Company Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. https://www.loc.gov/resource/npcc.28680/
Group of young women reading in library of normal school, Washington, D.C., 1899. Photo by Johnston Frances Benjamin, courtesy Frances Benjamin Johnston Collection, Library of Congress Prints & Photographs Division. https://www.loc.gov/item/90711146/
Group of young women reading in library of normal school, Washington, D.C., 1899. Photo by Johnston Frances Benjamin, courtesy Frances Benjamin Johnston Collection, Library of Congress Prints & Photographs Division. https://www.loc.gov/item/90711146/

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